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Advice from a clear-sighted entrepreneur: Ehsan Vaghefi of Toku Eyes

19 July 2021
UniServices-backed startup Toku Eyes recently raised $3.6 million to bring its retina-scanning AI software to market.
Ehsan Vaghefi has been a guide all his life. After all, when other children his age were being helped across the street by their parents, he was helping his blind father across roads.

Vaghefi is now a senior lecturer in the University of 免费色情视频鈥檚 as well as co-founder and CEO of the UniServices-backed startup , a social enterprise that recently raised $3.6 million to bring its retina-scanning AI software to market.

That means he鈥檚 on the cusp of achieving his life鈥檚 goal: helping prevent blindness on a large scale.

Vaghefi knows he鈥檚 just starting to see success as an entrepreneur. However, he鈥檚 learned a lot and is keen to help others who might be a step or two behind in commercialising their research.

Image
Ehsan Vaghefi

The Toku Eyes back story

Vaghefi鈥檚 father was just a four-year-old boy in Iran when he lost his vision to congenital glaucoma. Had the disease been diagnosed and treated early, his vision could have been saved. 

鈥淎ll my academic and professional life has been driven by that story,鈥 says Vaghefi.

After a master鈥檚 degree in biomedical engineering at the University of New South Wales, Vaghefi began doctoral studies at the University of 免费色情视频 to research eye imaging. He stayed on after his PhD to teach and continue his research. His work resulted in 45 peer-reviewed papers and three patents. Still, he wasn鈥檛 satisfied.

鈥淚 was contributing to vision science but I wasn鈥檛 actually making an impact on society,鈥 says Vaghefi. 

Then, in 2018, Vaghefi met David Squirrell, an honorary University of 免费色情视频 academic and lead ophthalmologist for the national Diabetic Eye Screening Program.

鈥淚n a friendly conversation, he mentioned there were too many patients in his clinics for the number of staff,鈥 says Vaghefi. 鈥淚t was one of those serendipitous moments because I realised that with his clinical experience and my knowledge about artificial intelligence, we could do something about it.鈥

That鈥檚 how Toku Eyes, which means 鈥淢y Eyes鈥 in a mix of Te Reo M膩ori and English, was born. 

Using AI to screen diabetic eyes

Most vision loss is treatable, but only if it鈥檚 caught early enough. One common cause is diabetic retinopathy, in which high blood sugar damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina. 

In 免费色情视频, nearly 300,000 people live with diabetes. Only half of them are being screened yearly as they should be. The result is that, all too commonly, vision loss is caught only when patients are almost blind, says Vaghefi.

Currently, screening relies on bulky, expensive equipment, which means it鈥檚 largely confined to larger centres. Specially trained clinicians must also interpret the images one by one. 

 The system Vaghefi envisions involves simpler equipment sending images to a national, centralised AI system for immediate analysis. This would mean screening could be done in any shopping centre optometry shop or even through mobile clinics.

鈥淎I excels at pattern recognition, so we鈥檝e taught our software what a healthy retina looks like and what an unhealthy diabetic retina looks like,鈥 says Vaghefi. 鈥淚t can also grade the severity of disease. The information is sent back right away, so within seconds, the optometrist who took the image in Invercargill or wherever knows what to do with that patient.鈥

Toku Eyes machine

"The ultimate product will be a screening tool for all the major diseases of the eye, covering 97 to 98 percent of all causes of blindness. The tool has to be transportable, so it can be used in mobile clinics visiting rural areas, and it has to work with lower-quality eye cameras and in places where internet access may not be reliable."

Ehsan Vaghefi

An expanding vision

Toku Eyes is currently trialling its technology in several locations in 免费色情视频. The next step? The world. The use of AI reduces time, cost and staffing pressures and increases access by reducing location barriers. These factors could be game-changers in low- to middle-income countries.

The company is now looking to move into Africa, the Pacific, and South and Southeast Asia, in part through partnership with KeraLink, a U.S.-based not-for-profit organisation dedicated to making treatment for corneal disease accessible to all. 

鈥淭hese aren鈥檛 markets we鈥檙e going into because we鈥檙e after profit; it鈥檚 something we want to do because we want to make a difference,鈥 says Vaghefi. 

Toku Eyes is also working with KeraLink on moving beyond the retina to develop AI tools that screen for cornea and lens diseases. 

鈥淭he ultimate product will be a screening tool for all the major diseases of the eye, covering 97 to 98 percent of all causes of blindness,鈥 says Vaghefi.

鈥淭he tool has to be transportable, so it can be used in mobile clinics visiting rural areas, and it has to work with lower-quality eye cameras and in places where internet access may not be reliable. These are significant technical challenges, but we have solutions for most of them.鈥

Advice for researcher-entrepreneurs

Despite Vaghefi鈥檚 technical expertise, he had no background in business until he co-founded Toku Eyes three years ago. Now, to encourage other researchers to follow a similar path, he鈥檚 sharing some of the lessons he鈥檚 learned the hard way.

First, 鈥don鈥檛 sit on your idea,鈥 says Vaghefi. 鈥淵ou can be sure that somewhere, someone is thinking about the same things. Patent your idea and create a proof of concept as soon as possible.鈥 UniServices helped in the patenting process when he initially had no idea how to go about it, he adds.

As an entrepreneur, be prepared to work hard and 鈥渄o everything,鈥 says Vaghefi. 鈥淵ou have to be the coder, the product tester, the person negotiating the deal.鈥

To grow, though, 鈥you need the right team around you,鈥 says Vaghefi. 鈥淥nce you鈥檝e got some seed funding, that鈥檚 the time to grow your team.鈥

Listen to quality advice from team members and outside sources. When he was raising initial seed funding, a Return on Science investment committee provided valuable insight on going abroad, says Vaghefi. However, when he returned for more money, the advice was tougher to swallow.

鈥淭hey said, 鈥榊ou don鈥檛 need to raise money here anymore because you鈥檙e past this stage; you have to go outside.鈥 At the time, it hurt a lot, but it got me to play at a different level,鈥 says Vaghefi.

Unlike the friendly environment at , presenting to venture capitalists was 鈥渂rutal鈥 鈥 but it taught Vaghefi his number-one lesson: to not give up

鈥淵ou鈥檒l hear 鈥榥o鈥 over and over. You鈥檒l have to listen to people who doubt you, who throw everything at you to prove you鈥檙e wrong, but you have to believe in yourself and keep going.鈥

Another important lesson: apply for research grants.

鈥淚f you raise money through seed capital or venture capital, you have to give away part of your company. With research grants, you don鈥檛,鈥 says Vaghefi. 鈥淯se research grants to create a proof of concept, test it and redevelop it until you have something that works.鈥

When do you raise venture capital, don鈥檛 raise more than you need, because the more you raise, the more you dilute your ownership, says Vaghefi.

鈥淚鈥檝e seen founders lose motivation because they own too little of their company.鈥

A final lesson? 鈥Stay true to your mission,鈥 says Vaghefi. 鈥淚鈥檝e seen a lot of entrepreneurs raise some money and act like that鈥檚 it; they鈥檙e successful. But really, it鈥檚 just the beginning of the work.鈥

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